The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz was established in 1986 by the Monk family and Maria Fisher. His last studio recordings as a leader were made in November 1971 for the English Black Lion label, near the end of a worldwide tour with the Giants of Jazz, a group which included Dizzy Gillespie, Kai Winding, Sonny Stitt, Al McKibbon and Art Blakey. Monk had disappeared from the scene by the mid-1970s, and made only a small number of appearances during the final decade of his life. He continued to record studio albums, including Criss Cross, also from 1963, and Underground, from 1968. The album would become the best-selling LP of his lifetime, and on February 28, 1964, he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, being featured in the article “The Loneliest Monk”. Columbia’s resources allowed Monk to be promoted more heavily than earlier in his career. Working with producer Teo Macero on his debut for the label, the sessions in the first week of November had a stable line-up that had been with him for two years, Monk’s Dream, was released in 1963. In 1962, Monk signed to Columbia Records. He would not record another studio album for Riverside after 5 by Monk by 5, and a significant number of live albums followed, which showcased a variety of legendary performances across the USA, France and Italy.
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